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Canada bought the northwest in 1869 without asking the people who lived there. The Métis of Red River, led by Louis Riel, stopped the transfer, formed a government, wrote a List of Rights, and negotiated Manitoba into existence, at a cost that followed Riel to the gallows.
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For more than a century, Canada and the churches ran a school system designed to separate Indigenous children from their families, languages, and cultures. This is what the record shows, in the words of the commission that documented it.
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A grassy cove at the tip of Newfoundland held the answer to a thousand year old question. How the Norse reached Canada around the year 1000, what they built, the evidence they left, and the tree ring study that dated their axes to the exact year 1021.
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On April 1, 1999 Canada redrew its map for the first time in half a century, dividing the Northwest Territories to create Nunavut, a homeland governed by Inuit, in Inuit languages, by design.
Read the story · 9 min